前言
MySQL 5.7 的安装与 MySQL 5.6 发生了一些变化,记录一下大致的安装和配置过程。
参见 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/5.7/en/
环境说明
CentOS 6.8
安装和配置步骤
1.配置 yum 源
去 MySQL 官网下载 YUM 的 RPM 安装包,http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
# 下载 mysql 源安装包
shell> wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm
# 安装 mysql 源
shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm
检查 YUM 源是否安装成功
shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community 21
mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community 38
mysql57-community MySQL 5.7 Community Server 130
如上所示,找到了 mysql 的安装包
2.选择版本
因为本例下载的 5.7 版本的 repo,可以不用此步骤,如果想安装 MySQL 5.6,可以这样做
shell> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql56-community
也可以修改配置文件
shell> cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
...
# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
# enabled=0 不使用这个repo
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
# enable=1 使用这个repo
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
...
默认就是使用 mysql57-community 的 repo。
3.yum 安装
shell> yum install mysql
4.启动服务
shell> service mysqld start
Starting mysqld:[ OK ]
查看 MySQL 服务状态
shell> service mysqld status
mysqld (pid xxxx) is running...
5.开机启动
shell> chkconfig mysqld on
6.修改 root 默认密码
MySQL 5.7 启动后,在 /var/log/mysqld.log
文件中给 root 生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到 root 默认密码,然后登录 mysql 进行修改:
shell> grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
host: XXXXXXXX
登录 MySQL 并修改密码
shell> mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
注意:MySQL 5.7 默认安装了密码安全检查插件(validate_password),默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含:大小写字母、数字和特殊符号,并且长度不能少于 8 位。
通过 MySQL 环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
指定密码校验策略
shell> vi /etc/my.cnf
# 添加如下键值对, 0=LOW, 1=MEDIUM, 2=STRONG
validate_password_policy=0
禁用密码策略
shell> vi /etc/my.cnf
# 禁用密码校验策略
validate_password = off
重启 MySQL 服务,使配置生效
shell> service mysqld restart
7.添加远程登录用户
MySQL 默认只允许 root 帐户在本地登录,如果要在其它机器上连接 MySQL,必须修改 root 允许远程连接,或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户,为了安全起见,本例添加一个新的帐户:
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' WITH GRANT OPTION;
8.配置默认编码为 utf8
MySQL 默认为 latin1, 一般修改为 UTF-8
shell> vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 在myslqd下添加如下键值对
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
重启 MySQL 服务,使配置生效
shell> service mysqld restart
查看字符集
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec